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On this day

A ship carrying 458 people capsizes in the Yangtze river in China's Hubei province, killing 442 people.

2015

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A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts, during the event, killing four people.

2011

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Space Shuttle Endeavour makes its final landing after 25 flights.

2011

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Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed.

2009

view article

General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.

2009

view article

A fire on the back lot of Universal Studios breaks out, destroying the attraction King Kong Encounter and a large archive of master tapes for music and film, the full extent of which was not revealed until 2019.

2008

view article

Cyclone Gonu develops from an area of convection in the Arabian Sea, becoming the worst recorded natural disaster in Oman.

2007

view article

Oklahoma City bombing co-conspirator Terry Nichols is sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.

2004

view article

Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother.

2001

view article

Dolphinarium discotheque massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

2001

view article

American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock.

1999

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Republic of South Africa becomes a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

1994

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Dobrinja mortar attack: Thirteen are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo.

1993

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Cold War: George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.

1990

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The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty comes into effect.

1988

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Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.

1980

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The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.

1979

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The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.

1978

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Aeroflot Flight 418 crashes in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, killing 46.

1976

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The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum and others.

1975

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The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.

1974

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Adolf Eichmann, former SS officer in Nazi Germany, is hanged in Israel for having committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other offenses.

1962

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The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada merge to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the largest bank merger in Canadian history.

1961

view article

Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.

1958

view article

Washington State Ferries, the largest ferry system in the United States, begins operation under state ownership after a buyout of the Puget Sound Navigation Company.

1951

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The Declaration of Conscience speech, by U.S. Senator from Maine, Margaret Chase Smith, is delivered in response to Joseph R. McCarthy's speech at Wheeling, West Virginia.

1950

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The Chinchaga fire ignites. By September, it would become the largest single fire on record in North America.

1950

view article

Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" ("Leader") of Romania during World War II, is executed.

1946

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BOAC Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing British actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that it was actually an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

1943

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World War II: The Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

1941

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The Farhud, a massive pogrom in Iraq, starts and as a result, many Iraqi Jews are forced to leave their homes.

1941

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First flight of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft.

1939

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The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.

1929

view article

The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded.

1922

view article

Prohibition comes into force in Finland.

1919

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World War I: Western Front: Battle of Belleau Wood: Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

1918

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The United States Senate confirms the appointment of Louis Brandeis to the United States Supreme Court, making him the first Jew to be an Associate Justice.

1916

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The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.

1913

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The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.

1890

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Napoléon Eugène, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

1879

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The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

1868

view article

American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: The Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.

1862

view article

American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.

1861

view article

Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

1857

view article

The Revolution of the Ganhadores begins in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

1857

view article

The American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.

1855

view article

Åland War: The British navy destroys merchant ships and about 16,000 tar barrels of the wholesale stocks area in Oulu, Grand Duchy of Finland.

1854

view article

Territorial Governor Alexander Ramsey declared the Territory of Minnesota officially established.

1849

view article

James Clark Ross becomes the first European at the North Magnetic Pole.

1831

view article

Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

1815

view article

Capture of USS Chesapeake.

1813

view article

War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

1812

view article

Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.

1796

view article

The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

1794

view article

Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

1792

view article

The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.

1779

view article

Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, are drowned on his eighth attempt.

1773

view article

The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.

1679

view article

Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79).

1676

view article

In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

1670

view article

Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.

1649

view article

The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.

1648

view article

Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.

1535

view article

Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.

1533

view article

A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.

1494

view article

The Treaty of Lubowla between the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland is confirmed with one of the largest and magnificent royal meetings and feasts ever held in Buda. King Sigismund of Hungary host king Władysław II Jagiełło while several thousand nobles attend.

1412

view article

Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.

1298

view article

Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.

1252

view article

The Roman Senate passes a motion proclaiming Septimius Severus emperor, awards divine honours to Pertinax, and sentences current emperor Didius Julianus to death.

193

view article

On this day

A ship carrying 458 people capsizes in the Yangtze river in China's Hubei province, killing 442 people.

2015

view article

A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts, during the event, killing four people.

2011

view article

Space Shuttle Endeavour makes its final landing after 25 flights.

2011

view article

Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed.

2009

view article

General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.

2009

view article

A fire on the back lot of Universal Studios breaks out, destroying the attraction King Kong Encounter and a large archive of master tapes for music and film, the full extent of which was not revealed until 2019.

2008

view article

Cyclone Gonu develops from an area of convection in the Arabian Sea, becoming the worst recorded natural disaster in Oman.

2007

view article

Oklahoma City bombing co-conspirator Terry Nichols is sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.

2004

view article

Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother.

2001

view article

Dolphinarium discotheque massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

2001

view article

American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock.

1999

view article

Republic of South Africa becomes a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

1994

view article

Dobrinja mortar attack: Thirteen are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo.

1993

view article

Cold War: George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.

1990

view article

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty comes into effect.

1988

view article

Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.

1980

view article

The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.

1979

view article

The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.

1978

view article

Aeroflot Flight 418 crashes in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, killing 46.

1976

view article

The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum and others.

1975

view article

The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.

1974

view article

Adolf Eichmann, former SS officer in Nazi Germany, is hanged in Israel for having committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other offenses.

1962

view article

The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada merge to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the largest bank merger in Canadian history.

1961

view article

Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.

1958

view article

Washington State Ferries, the largest ferry system in the United States, begins operation under state ownership after a buyout of the Puget Sound Navigation Company.

1951

view article

The Declaration of Conscience speech, by U.S. Senator from Maine, Margaret Chase Smith, is delivered in response to Joseph R. McCarthy's speech at Wheeling, West Virginia.

1950

view article

The Chinchaga fire ignites. By September, it would become the largest single fire on record in North America.

1950

view article

Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" ("Leader") of Romania during World War II, is executed.

1946

view article

BOAC Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing British actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that it was actually an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

1943

view article

World War II: The Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

1941

view article

The Farhud, a massive pogrom in Iraq, starts and as a result, many Iraqi Jews are forced to leave their homes.

1941

view article

First flight of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft.

1939

view article

The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.

1929

view article

The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded.

1922

view article

Prohibition comes into force in Finland.

1919

view article

World War I: Western Front: Battle of Belleau Wood: Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

1918

view article

The United States Senate confirms the appointment of Louis Brandeis to the United States Supreme Court, making him the first Jew to be an Associate Justice.

1916

view article

The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.

1913

view article

The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.

1890

view article

Napoléon Eugène, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

1879

view article

The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

1868

view article

American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: The Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.

1862

view article

American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.

1861

view article

Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

1857

view article

The Revolution of the Ganhadores begins in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

1857

view article

The American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.

1855

view article

Åland War: The British navy destroys merchant ships and about 16,000 tar barrels of the wholesale stocks area in Oulu, Grand Duchy of Finland.

1854

view article

Territorial Governor Alexander Ramsey declared the Territory of Minnesota officially established.

1849

view article

James Clark Ross becomes the first European at the North Magnetic Pole.

1831

view article

Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

1815

view article

Capture of USS Chesapeake.

1813

view article

War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

1812

view article

Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.

1796

view article

The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

1794

view article

Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

1792

view article

The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.

1779

view article

Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, are drowned on his eighth attempt.

1773

view article

The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.

1679

view article

Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79).

1676

view article

In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

1670

view article

Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.

1649

view article

The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.

1648

view article

Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.

1535

view article

Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.

1533

view article

A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.

1494

view article

The Treaty of Lubowla between the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland is confirmed with one of the largest and magnificent royal meetings and feasts ever held in Buda. King Sigismund of Hungary host king Władysław II Jagiełło while several thousand nobles attend.

1412

view article

Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.

1298

view article

Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.

1252

view article

The Roman Senate passes a motion proclaiming Septimius Severus emperor, awards divine honours to Pertinax, and sentences current emperor Didius Julianus to death.

193

view article

Florida sues OpenAI and Sam Altman over AI risks

101 points

58 comments

discussion source

Alphabet Announces $80B Equity Capital Raise to Expand AI Infra and Compute

9 points

3 comments

discussion source

The newest Instagram “exploit” is the goofiest I've seen

900 points

218 comments

discussion source

I made my phone slow on purpose

I bought a brand new iPhone and immediately made it slow on purpose.

131 points

112 comments

discussion source

GrapheneOS Speech Services version 2 released

GrapheneOS discussion forum

31 points

6 comments

discussion source

Debug Project

Bad mosquitoes spread disease. Good mosquitoes stop them. We're using technology to raise and release good mosquitoes.

5 points

0 comments

discussion source

CS336: Language Modeling from Scratch

Official course website for Stanford CS336: Language Modeling from Scratch (Spring 2026), including logistics, schedule, assignments, and course materials.

259 points

34 comments

discussion source

Should you normalize RGB values by 255 or 256?

104 points

43 comments

discussion source

A 10 year old Xeon is all you need

Notes from Christina Sørensen — software engineer, NixOS Steering Committee, author of eza.

632 points

256 comments

discussion source

Stealing from Biologists to Compile Haskell Faster

The trick that makes GHC’s ApplicativeDo optimization faster is structurally identical to how biologists predict RNA folding.

47 points

2 comments

discussion source

Windows GOG DOS Games on M-Series Macs

GOG is great. I bought a few old games from them: SimCity 2000, Theme Hospital, Syndicate Plus. And by old games, I mean games from my childhood that still

112 points

68 comments

discussion source

Microsoft builds MacBook Pro rival with NVIDIA-powered Surface Laptop Ultra

Microsoft launches the Surface Laptop Ultra with an NVIDIA RTX Spark chip and 128GB unified memory to challenge Apple MacBook Pro dominance.

71 points

222 comments

discussion source

Nvidia RTX Spark

The fusion of NVIDIA AI and RTX graphics in slim laptops and small desktops. For creators, developers, and gamers.

239 points

198 comments

discussion source

GitHub and the crime against software

127 points

45 comments

discussion source

What appear to be biochemical processes may be a natural feature of geology

Lifelike biochemistry continued to unfold in sterilized soil for six years, pointing to a metabolic theory for how biology began.

145 points

39 comments

discussion source

AI Agent Guidelines for CS336 at Stanford

Student version of Assignment 1 for Stanford CS336 - Language Modeling From Scratch - assignment1-basics/CLAUDE.md at main · stanford-cs336/assignment1-basics

212 points

93 comments

discussion source

Anthropic confidentially submits draft S-1 to the SEC

Anthropic has confidentially submitted a draft S-1 registration statement to the Securities and Exchange Commission

348 points

275 comments

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Top Stories from Hacker News

Florida sues OpenAI and Sam Altman over AI risks

Alphabet Announces $80B Equity Capital Raise to Expand AI Infra and Compute

The newest Instagram “exploit” is the goofiest I've seen

I made my phone slow on purpose

GrapheneOS Speech Services version 2 released

Debug Project

CS336: Language Modeling from Scratch

Should you normalize RGB values by 255 or 256?

A 10 year old Xeon is all you need

Stealing from Biologists to Compile Haskell Faster

Windows GOG DOS Games on M-Series Macs

Microsoft builds MacBook Pro rival with NVIDIA-powered Surface Laptop Ultra

Nvidia RTX Spark

GitHub and the crime against software

What appear to be biochemical processes may be a natural feature of geology

AI Agent Guidelines for CS336 at Stanford

Anthropic confidentially submits draft S-1 to the SEC

On this day

A ship carrying 458 people capsizes in the Yangtze river in China's Hubei province, killing 442 people.

A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts, during the event, killing four people.

Space Shuttle Endeavour makes its final landing after 25 flights.

Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed.

General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.

A fire on the back lot of Universal Studios breaks out, destroying the attraction King Kong Encounter and a large archive of master tapes for music and film, the full extent of which was not revealed until 2019.

Cyclone Gonu develops from an area of convection in the Arabian Sea, becoming the worst recorded natural disaster in Oman.

Oklahoma City bombing co-conspirator Terry Nichols is sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.

Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother.

Dolphinarium discotheque massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock.

Republic of South Africa becomes a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Dobrinja mortar attack: Thirteen are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo.

Cold War: George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty comes into effect.

Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.

The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.

The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.

Aeroflot Flight 418 crashes in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, killing 46.

The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum and others.

The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.

Adolf Eichmann, former SS officer in Nazi Germany, is hanged in Israel for having committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other offenses.

The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada merge to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the largest bank merger in Canadian history.

Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.

Washington State Ferries, the largest ferry system in the United States, begins operation under state ownership after a buyout of the Puget Sound Navigation Company.

The Declaration of Conscience speech, by U.S. Senator from Maine, Margaret Chase Smith, is delivered in response to Joseph R. McCarthy's speech at Wheeling, West Virginia.

The Chinchaga fire ignites. By September, it would become the largest single fire on record in North America.

Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" ("Leader") of Romania during World War II, is executed.

BOAC Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing British actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that it was actually an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

World War II: The Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

The Farhud, a massive pogrom in Iraq, starts and as a result, many Iraqi Jews are forced to leave their homes.

First flight of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft.

The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.

The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded.

Prohibition comes into force in Finland.

World War I: Western Front: Battle of Belleau Wood: Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

The United States Senate confirms the appointment of Louis Brandeis to the United States Supreme Court, making him the first Jew to be an Associate Justice.

The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.

The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.

Napoléon Eugène, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: The Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.

American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.

Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

The Revolution of the Ganhadores begins in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

The American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.

Åland War: The British navy destroys merchant ships and about 16,000 tar barrels of the wholesale stocks area in Oulu, Grand Duchy of Finland.

Territorial Governor Alexander Ramsey declared the Territory of Minnesota officially established.

James Clark Ross becomes the first European at the North Magnetic Pole.

Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

Capture of USS Chesapeake.

War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.

The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.

Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, are drowned on his eighth attempt.

The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.

Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79).

In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.